Car structure.



PATENTED DEG. 4, 1906,

P. JERDONE, JR.

GAR STRUCTURE. APPLICATION FILED JULY25.1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l,

l IN VEN TOR @wwwwvcrwu vr.

A TTORNE YJ PATENTED DEG. 4, 1906.

P. JBRDONB, JR.

GAR STRUCTURE. APPL'IUATION FILED JULY25.1906.

4 sannTs-sHnnT z.'

MDW/(CW attorney No. 837,841. PATENTED DB0. 4, 1.906.

' F. JERDONE, JR.

vCAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY25, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET s.

amro

E@ Y Nif L (Bin uvenoz @Hummm ,I f 'if m nnen faz 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4PATENTBD DB0. 4, 1906.

mwm M@ F. JERDONE, JEL. GAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY z5. 190B.

I d {g-,Alf

v* maw ltozmuf lnnrrnn srAfrIrs PATENT FFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Deo. 4, 1906.

Application led July 25, 1906. Serial No. 327,753.

lo .(LZ/ ll'fmmt it 71mg/ r'fnzfrt:

Be itknovn that L FRANCIS Jnnnoxn, Jr., e citizen of the United States,residing" et Chicago, in the countr et Cook and State ot Illinois, haveinvented certain new ond useful improvements in Cer Structures; :ind i'do herebT declare thev following to be a full, clear, end exactdescription of the invention,

' such. as will enable others skilled in the ort to which it epperteinsto ineke sind use the seine.

- This invention relates to oer struetures,` :ind hes for enobjeot toprovide e oer structure composed principally of metal port/s ernbodvingnew end improved features oi strength, economy', and rigidity. furtherobje-et of the invention is to provide in e oer structure e. doorway' oflarge dif mensions end so arranged end reinforced as to give ample and.suiicient strength for corryingz1 et its center when necessary thegreater ypsrtof the full capacity oi' the loaded our.

A further object of the invention is to provide in structure improvedIneens for supporting the central portions of the structures by 'Ineensoftruss-rods, associated body-holsters, needle-beams, truss-rod standsor queen-posts, end other parts of improved form.

A further object of the invention is to `provide in e. ser structureimproved Ineens for applying and using n Inetel floor to be lree tronithe obstruction of rivet or bolt hoods on its inside iosdingsurfitee'.

A further object of the invention is to provide :t can' struetureeinliiodying s. single center supportinwbeani and. with improved meansfor applying a. droit-rigging to the :eem end with improved ineens olbraio-ing end stiiienine` seid brein and of joining; or connecting saidbenin te sidevsill beams.

A further object of the invention is to provide in e. csr structureimproved Ineens of:

applying the root' in order thzit the seine will 45 brace and strengthenthe sides of eer :ind that the metal sheets will iie 4iree from vwtieelrivets or bolts to prevent the possibilit)r of leakage.

A further object of the invention is to provide in s eer structure.improved ineens for transmitting the centrall load of the cor to theholsters through truss-rods sind arched queenests et tl .i side centerot' the csr.

YVith these and other objects in view tho invention comprises certainother novel eon struotions, combinations, and arrangements of parts, eswill be hereinafter fully described :ind claimed'.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view of the improved cer in sideelevation, showing one- -6o heli in full and one-half in dotted linesthe positions oi the several members lcomposingthe cor struc ture. Fig.2 is o. View of the im? proved oor, one-heli being in end elevation andone-half being in vertical section teken 65 upon the center line of theeer. Fig. 3 is e top plsn view of the center benin and side sillsytogether with the braces und the Ineens for mljiistnient to ondconnection With the boitiers and transverse been). beneath the center ofthe cer. Fig. Li isn. top pien View of lone of the transverse beams forsupporting the metslilloorl. the seid tioor beingl broken a-Wsy to showthe beam in full lines. Fig. 5 is e. view in elevation of one of the`transverse beznns for su )porting the metal ioor, the seid iloor andthe freine of the oer being shown in section. Fig. (i is o transverseseotional view of the Supl)orting-besml shown in Fig. 5 and teken online 6 6.

arranged for supporting,- the center of one of the plates forming theioor'of the car and the plete. 'for supporting the beam from the Fig. 7is a. 8o transverse setionol view showing s. beam .freine-braces of tieear. Fig. 8 is e longitu- 8 5 dirmi sectional view showing e modifiedform of transverse beam for supporting' the metal floor. Fin. '9 is eView in side elevation of the modified forni of bee-.In shown et Fig. 8.

Fig. l() is e detail sectional view et the trains- 9o verse center ofcer and showing in section the srcl ted door-freine, archedtrussbmember, side plete :it emes of rer, and gusset for connectingl andtying the several ports together and also shows the rnd oi' one of thecerlines and 9 5 Ythe method oi' turning down the roof-sheets et wivesoi' can'. Figli is e. detail sectioned view showing; the cerlines endthe manner of :titer-.hing the rooi-plete thereto.

Like ehiirncl ers of reference designate cor respondingr portsthroughout the severed views. l'

The enr structure fori ning; the subject-matter ol' this applicationconi-prises n. center boom l() ol any approved lorin, but preferably,:is here. shown, ooinprising e single I-bcom extending' longitudinallyof and throughoutthe greet-er portion of the length ol the oar, 1outstopping short of the ends, es shown particularly in Figs. l ond 3.

Assooieied 'with `the center I--besin 'l0 of the oor are the side sills1] extending longilof tudinelly of the car and parallel Awith the contral beam l and defining the limits of the structure. The sido sills llare connected and joined at. their opposite ends byimeans of end sillsl2, preferably composed of angleiron, as. are the side sills, andbeneath which are disposed heavier sills 13, preferably composed ofchannel-iron- The side sills and the center beam are rigidly securedtogether and braced by means of diagonally-disposed braces 14, rigidlyriveted or otherwise permanently secured to the center I-beazn and togussets l5, which are rigidly secured to the vertical and. horizontalllanges of the side `The side sills 11 are also supported `upon thebclsters 16, which saiilibolsters are i'iigitlly connected atrightangles to the 'bearn 10, suclr bolster and the manner of connecting tothe beam forming the subject-matyter of a copending application beweringSerial "No 327,755, lil'ed Jiny 25, 1966, and forming no' part of thepresent invention.

- The-side sills 11- and the centersill -beani src rigidly secured'together sindI braced by means of obliqu-elj/disposed braces 14, the

l 'lirstt'wo braces inside oi'tllebolster 16 conl so on throughout the'-eted tothe vertical Hangs i said gusset-nlate meeting to the centerffiftheir Vertical flanges aft-er same hauebeen set at an Iangle to theinain body of the brace, vfthesaid angling toiform e foot of the'braccanrl tire. foot of each of the 'two braces to be rigidlyrivetedtogetlier through the vertical -web 'of center-sill-beam .10, andthe said in- :ner ends ofthese braceslarc further secured toasuitable'gusset-plete, 14, es shown, by

being rigidly riveted, and the said gusset and rigidly' riveted totlie'yertioel web oft e center-silli-beam 10, theftwo saidv braces 14running obliquely awey frointlie body-b-olster 16 and from thecenteribeam -10 end connecting at the said side sill by saidneans eachwith one other 'brace 14 of* thescine kind, lar-ly in Fig. 3,yand-'these two-connectingplatcs are turned ug brsces 14 run back vtothevcenter-sill Lbeam Y 10, but oppcsitely inclined to the first braces,

end' ticelast-saidlbrseesni-eet two other. diag onalfbreces, as shown,which Adiagonal braces inv turn run diagonally backto the said side silland meet. two other diagonal braces, and distance between the twoholsters or between-bolster and center needlesbeam. i

\Wliere two oi thebraces meet lat the side sill their vertical flan lesare angled at right angles to the side si l, 'and these vertical danger;become adjacent und are rigidly rivetcd together in the manner shown,while the horizontalllanges are rigidly riveted to and througirtliebottom flange of side sill 11 and through suitable gussct-plate 15,resting on the top side of bottoni ange of side sill, whichgusset-plates .fturn up and are rivof side sill 11, and

@sassi beam 10 through' las shownj particul5 also projectsdiorizon-lbottom flange of side sill to the t'op flanges of the all es shown,

,14 meet atv the centcr-sill'lbeiun 1U, iwo other like braces l/i meeton the opposite side of center-sill lbeam 10. sind all four have 'theirvertical flanges angled to funn feet, the foot of one brace to opposeand brace the ioot ofthe corresponding opposite brace, and the two feetof the vtwo corresponding braces areriveted against and through the l'vertical web of center-sill I-beani 10, and the two other correspondingbraces are also ad- .ja-cent l and are riveted to the vertical web or"center-sill -be'ani. Furthermore, vtl'le `four 7 braces running'togetlientwo on each side of centers1ll 'll-beam and' connecting to theter-sillllebeannnre also jointly and rigidly sel cured to each other andto the Vertical webct l 'center-sillZ-lbeanr by-nieans of suitable gus'-I set-plates 14"", each lying horizontally on tbe top tlsnges ol theends of the two diegenen' bracesand rigidly secured. to seine1 and saidgusscts 14 lso being .flanged upward on the vertical-web ol" thecenter-sill iebeaim and said upw` cL-,ilanged portions 4rigidly `rivetedtovether through the verticalwcb of centerl Siirbeam. The Side sin 11and maar @ai ic, diagonal connecting-braces 14, which are joined.together or connected by suitable gussets 14"'and 15, will atsuitable'intervals, l as shown, have connectedvto said ffusset 15 atside sill of car a continuousand repressed member 16', preferablychannel-iron or "5 sha e, extending fromsaid side gusset 15 tosaidp-side-gusset 15 on op osite side of car, end said continuous-.andepressed member 16 passing immediately underltliebottom flange' ofcenter-sill.beam 1G and bearingr against said ilange witbits ownflangesdoi/vnlward and being connected Iat its outer end to the seidside gussets 1'5 and at its center =to the vertical web of cent -sillllebeam by means of two, brackets 16, of suitable 1nate- 'rial and`preferably of T'slia e and .said 'brackets to be riveted throughtsir-vertical lll/'lien two or the ingoingr diagonal braces TOO' IIO

flanges and through the vertxcalweb or cen-y and to assist thecenter-sill E-beani to snik I port and carry the load superimposed oncenter-sill I-beam and to assistv in transmitting a portion of this inedto the side sills v11 of car through depressed support i6.

At its ends-the Lbeami` 1() is continued by means of a barrel 1 7,forming n part of s draftrigging, which said drafbriggmg, includingplate 19 disposed between the end of the I bparn' and the adjacent endofthe barrel 17. To the ends ofthe plate 19 extended beyond the barrel-17 are secured braces 20, ext-ending in inversely-inclined relation tothe ends of the holsters 16, to which are they secured byv gussets 20.Other inclined braces, as 21 and 22, are also employed for the/purposeof stiifening the structure, and asupporting-beam 23 is preferablyconnected to the brace-beams 22, as by the rivets 24, and curveddownwardly beneath and to support the barrel 17 of the draft-rigging.The braces 2() and 21 are preferably connected and stitlened by a gusset21, riveted to and spanning the inter-L val between the said braces.

Beneath the center of the car is disposed a.

4 transverse needle-beam 25, being wider in the middle and with its endsta ered and formed with a vertically-dispose web and flanges extendingupon opposite sides-oi the web and at right angles thereto, forming'atthe outer ends substantially a T, as shown in Fig. 1.

At the center of the car is erected a doorfrane 28, .arched at its upperend and with its-lower ends rigidly secured to the sills 11,

the said door-'traine 28 being-integral and preferablyformed'ofchannel-iron, as shown in section particularly in Figs. 2 and 10.-

A truss-bar 29 is vsecured lat its.o posite ends to the sills 1"'1adjacent the bolbter 16 and extends in a substantially straight line toadjacent the curvature of the upper'portion of the door-'frame 28 and isthen arched at its middle point to pass ovei` the said doorfrane and besecured rigidly by its iiange to the upper flange of the channel-iron.door-` ture, and upon the said corner-posts lis se` cured the ends oithe plate 32, which extending longitudinally of the car at the eaves hasits vertical iiange riveted' or otherwise rigidly secured to thevertical iiange of the truss-bar 29, as more particularly shown in Figs.2 and 10. For `further strengthening the connected portions representedby the door-frame 28, the truss-bar 29, and the plate 31 a gusset 33 isriveted or otherwise rigidly secured adjacent the top ot the door-frameand is provided with a curved cut-out portion conforming substantiallyto the curvature of the interior opening of the said doorfranie and withits upper edge extending upwardly and iianged outwardly, as at 34, andrigidly-secured to the plate 32.

The corner-posts 31 are inade rigid by having their lower ends extenddownwardly be.- yond the sills 11 and said extended ends engaged bybraces 35, which extend in an inclined position and are secured to thesills 11 through their horizontal flanges.

are further strengthened by gussets 36 to prevent buckling. The sideplates 32 are connected at their ends by a transverselydisposed endplate 37 with its ilange turned inwardly and the structure n iade rigidby means oi a plurality of inclined braces 38, secured at their lowerends to the sills 11 and 12 and at their upper ends to the side and endplates and to gusset 33 and to other gussets 39, secured to the plates32. 38a is also secured at the juncture of the vtruss-bar and door-frameand extends ob vand the intervening seanosas at 41, riveted each to theother and to the frane-posts 42,

disposed vertically above the bolster 16.

The side sheets 40 are riveted securely to all of the transverse braces38 and to the several vertical posts, whereby the plates are preventedfroin buckling under the action of expansion or load. v

Extending transversely of the str ucturc at roperlyfspaced intervals arechannel-iron beans43, supported upon brackets, as 44, secured to thesills 11, and other' brackets, as 45, secured tothe central I-beavn 10.The beams 43'are riveted or otherwise secured to the I-bea'm. 1'0 byturning a portion of the web, as 46, and to the sills 11 by 'turning theend of the iangc,'as'47, at right angles to the bea n, the re'z ainingportion of the beam bcing out away to correspond in length to theinterval between the sills 11 and I-bcam 1U. At' those places where thesheets 46 of the door join thc said bean s 43 are used in pairs,

A brace IOSV as shown particularly in Figs. 41 and 6, and

3l In a car structure, side sills, bolsters supporting said side sills,a door-frame disposed centrally between the bolsters and comprising/sideposts, and an integral arclied 5 top portieri and braces extending fromthe bolsters and secured to tbe upper arched portion of the' door-frame.

4. In a car structure, side sills, a draft-riging disposed intermediatetbe sills and vraces connecting the sills, and the ldrat'triggingintermediate its ends and forming an arch.

i 5. In a car structure, a single central supporting-beam, side sillsspaced upon opposite sides of the central beam, means connecting thesido sills and central beam rigidly together, and an arched door-framerigidly secured centrally ci the side sills.

i6. In a ear structure, a door-'frame conizo prising spaced side posts,bolsters disposed encath the car structure adjacent tbe opposite ends,and a truss-bar rigidly secured to the structure adjacent the bolstersand ex- `tending to and arched over the door-frame. 2 5 7. In a carstructure, a door-frame disposed centrally of the longitudinal side ofthe structure, bolsters secured rigidly beneath and adjacent theopposite ends of the structure, truss-bars rigidly secured to thestructure adjacent the bolste'rs, and ,inclined re- Versely upwardtoward the niiddle of the car and extending to and arched over thedoorframe.

S. In a car structure, side sills7 an end sill connecting' the sidesill, a draft-rigging secured to the end sill and disposed intermediatethe side` sills, and braces connecting tbe side sills and adraft-rigging intermediate its ends and forming an arch.

9. In a car structure, side sills, an end sill connecting the sidesills, a bolster connecting and rigidly secured at opposite ends to theside sills, a draft-rigging secured to the end sill, and-bracesconnecting the side sill and draft-riggin and forming an arch from tlreends of the )olster to the draft-rigging intermediate its ends.

10. In a car structure, a sill, a (hier-frame .rigidly secured to thesill and comprising s aced door-posts defining a door-opening at tliecenter ol" tlie-sill, bolsters disposed beneath the sill adjacent itsopposite ends, a truss-bar rigidly secured to the sill adjacent thebolsters and extending at an .inclination to and arched over' thedoor-frame, a cornerpost ri idly secured to the extremity ofthe sill angextending above and below the sill, and a brace secured to the lowerextended end of the corner-post and extending toward the middle of thecar and rigidly secured to the sill.

11. In a car structure, side sills, an end sill, inclined bracesextending from the side sills adjacent the center of and connected withthe end sill, admit-rigging disposed between-the braces, and meanscarried by tbe bracesand arranged to support the draftriggino.

l2. ln a car structure, a single center beam, a bolster comprising acentral Web surrounded by a llanged portion disposed at rigllt angles totlie central web and witlla ccaitral opening formed in the web andproportioned to receive and accommodate the central beam, and with thebeam and bolster disposed perpendicular-ly to each other, andangle-braces rigidly secured to the beam and bolster within the anglesformed at their juncture.

13. In a car structure, a single central beam, sills in parallelism withand spaced from tlie central beain, and upon opposite sides thereof, abolster provided with a central opening roportiened to receive andaccommodate t 1e central beam, means rigidly securing the spacedsills=and the opposite extremities of tne. bolster, and angle-bracesrigidly secured to tbe bolster and central beam, and disposed witliinthe angles formed at their juncture.

ld. In a car structure, side sills, an' end sill, a bolster disposedtransversely ol the structure and rigidly connected at opposite ends totlie side sills,'inclined braces extending from adjacent the bolster toand rigidly connected with the end sill adjacent its iniddle and formingan arch, a draft-rigging connected to the end sill and disposed betweenthe arched braces and other inclined braces extending l'roni adjacentthe bolster to and connected willi tli'e draft-rigging intermediate itsends and forming an arch.

l5. ln a car structure, a single central beam, side sills spaced uponopposite sides of tbe beam, nz'eans rigidly bracing the side sills andcentral beam relative to each other, a draft-rigging secured to the endol tbe central beam and extending to the end of the structure, and meanspassing beneath and to support t'ne draft-rigging carried by thesillbracing means.

16. ln a ear structure, a single central beam extending longitudiinllyof the car, side sills spaced upon opposite sides of the central beam,braces rigidly secured to tbe central beam. and extending obliquely toand rigidly secured upon the side sills, a draftrigging rigidly secured.to the end of the central beam and extending to the end of thestructure, and a supporting-brace disposed beneath the draft-rigging andwith its opposite ends rigidly secured to the oblique braces.

17. In ai car structure, spaced side sills, oblicluely-disposed bracesrigidly secured to the side sills, a draft-rigging disposed between theside sills and extending to the end of tbe IOO structure a su ortinlbrace rividl secured..

to the oblique braces and A i l the draft-rigging, posts rigid ysecnredltaitlie resin-g beneath;

ASO

ties oi the side sills,

@its

end extending bethv and braces secured extremity eilthe side sillssleeve and below the sills, te the lower extended ends of thecornerposts sind extending in en inclined position towerd the center of'the structure and rigidly secwred to; the sills` l i8. lin e eerstructure, spaced side sills, brecesrigidly secured to the side sillsend' eX- tend-ing oblique-ly relative thereto, dooriremes cemprisingspaced side posts secured te tlie sills sind deningregi-steringdoor-openimgs centrally of the sills, truss-bers rigidly secured te theside sills sdjacent their eppesite ends and extending to and arched overthe door-iranie, eornersposts rigidly secured te title extremities cithe sills l(ind extending elwye endl below the sills,fbreees secured tothe lower extended ends ol the cerner-posts end ei'iteriding tower-'dthe center of the ear end rigidly secured to the side sills, and :Lrigidly secured to the upper extremities si the corner-posts, endextending longitudine-Ely of the csr, end riridly secured et its centralpeint, te the oor-iframe, and truss-ber.

lin s cer structure, spaced side sills, deer-fremdes rigid'ly'seeured tethe side sills end comprising spsced side posts, and integrail-archedtop portions deliniugY registering door-openings upon opposite sides ofthe structure truss-bers rigidly secured to the sills sdjseent theiropposite ends and extende ing te end arched over the swelled deer-ifreine, sind with the arched portions oitlicl trees-'csr and doorirsrnerigidly secured to- I getlrer, eornerhposts erected et the extremi- :mdplates rigidly secured to the upper extremities olE the cernerpesls rindeidendingl longitudinelly oi the structuresnd rigidi f' secured al theirmiddle points to the arched deer-trame md arched, tray-lier. l

20. vIn e car structure, spaced side sills, a, needle-beam extendingtransversely between :md rigidly secured te the side sills et thelengit'udinnl middle, queen-posts rigidly secured tex the side sillsupen opposite sides ol" the needlesbesni, and with inclined braceportions extending toward @zich cured te the needle-beam, end e trussrod'holsters secured te yenr-l ends, a. deeretl-ier, and' seiig'idlyconnected with the sil-'l and extending beneath the queempests.

2l. ln scar structure, spaced side sills, i holsters extendingtransversely between and' rigidly secured te the side sills edj scenttheir ends, e. needle-beam extending transversely between tlie sidesills et their longitudinal middles and rigidly secured to seid sills,queen-posts disposed beneath the side sills l apen opposite sides el thequeen-posts and i lievi-ng' lorsee portions extending in reverselyf Iinclined position to snd'sec-ured upon the' needledeem, :md e trnssmdrigidly secured et its oppesite ends tothe holsters, 'and exl tendingbeneath the queen-posts sensei 22. In e cer structure, s side sill, sdoorfrsme erected upon the side sill and eempe' ing spec-ed door-pretsdefining e central dem# opening, queen-posts rigidly secured te the seidsill benefit-li the deer-pests, and .rovided lwith bra-ce portionsreversely inc 'fined to# werd each other, and truss-rods rigid-lyconnected with the side sills adjacent their opposite ends and extendingbeneath the queenpcsfs.

23. ln e cer structure, speeed side sills, holsters rig-id ly securedbeneath the sid-e sills adjacent their opposite ends end extendingtransversely relative thereto, e doer-ireme erected upon the side sillsind comprising in tegrel-spseed do'erposts srelied et the tsp anddefining e elisir-opening', centrally ef the sills, e truss-bar rigidlysecu-redt@ the sills adjacent the holsters, and extending to andercl'ied over the deer-treme, il needleleeem disposed transversely elthe sills sied eentrsl'ly 'ef the deerwprenine's, queewpcsts iis ifllysecured' to the sills beneath the dediposts and provided with sn-ecepertiem Fevesely inclined' extending te and secured upon the needledu`in, e tlussweel rieiclly secured et .its eppcsite ends te the bei] sterand extending lieneetl'i lie queen-pestis.

24. In s; csr structure, s side sill, spese-d queen-pests seemed te theside sill endl'iev me; lim-ee perl-ions extending; in reverselyn- Iclined positirms end secured to tlie center @f the sill, lines-rodsrigidly secured to the side sill' adjacent tl'ieir epposite ends andextending beneath the ,ueempests meses ceri-led liy 'tl-'1e truss-redier engaging title epposite outer lisses el titre qneeispests, sindineens carrie by llieI trusered between tire queenpesls lor exertingtensieel upon the red and pests.

25. ln e structure, spaced side sills,

extending twinstlfi sills seliecent then` opposite me erected upon theside sill intel el side posts, seid e tcp versel'v of mid cern pefisiingarched edition fle/lining' d deer-opening een-- trclly of the sill, thete sind erehcd over the arched portion @il the doer-fienile, eneedlediesm extending treinsversely el the 'csr openings, queen--pestsrigidly secured te tile side sills lJ-enieetli the spliced deer-pests,end provided with hisse pOrtiens--nweisely in'h elined extending andsecured te tlie needlebezlrn, a tmssred rigidly site ends te tirebelstes sind extending lie necth the queenepests, ceifficd` hy thetruss-rml ier engaging' and licei-ing cgeinst the cuter opposite "ia-eesofthe @leem-pests,

truss-bar rigidly seemedl to and means carried by the t'uss-jed'estWiesn the queersposts for ereiflin-g tensiD/e epee the truss-rodendl the qseenfpcsts.

26. In s eer striwture, spaced side specerl arched cerlines secured :ittheir siepe sills edisieent the holsters end extending" end centrally ofelle deer.

BiO

ses-ered et its spice? site ends to the said plates, and havingupstanding llanges, a roof-plate having its edges turned at right anglesto the plate and curved to conform to the curvature ot the carlines, andwith a curved portion formed along its longitudinalfniiddle proportionedto cover one carline, a cap covering one upstanding edge of theroot-plate, and a flange of one carline, removable means for securingthe cap upon the carlines, and. removable means for securing theintermediate curved portions ol` the root-plate upon the intermediatecarlines.

27. In a car structure, spaced side lines, and a single center beam,transverse beams rigidly secured at their vopposite ends to the centerbeam and the side sills, and arranged in pairs, floor-plates disposedupon the transverse sills.and having their opposite edges turneddownward between the pairs of sills, and means for clamping thedownwardlyturned edges of the floor-plates between the sills. i

2S; In a car structure, a center beam, and side sills spaced uponopposite sides of the center beam, transverse sills disposed between thecenter beain and the side sills, and having portions at each end turnedat right f angles andl secured rigidly tothe said center beam and sill,the sain transverse beams beL ing arranged in pairs,a'lloor-platedisposed. upon' the transverse sills and -having its edgesturned at right angles to the plate and disposed between the pairs oltransverse. sills and with edges adjacent the sides of the structurelturned upwardly, and inea-ns for clamping the downwardly-turned flooreo ges adjacent the transverse sills.

29. In a car structure, side sills, an end sill, a bolster disposedtransversely of the structure and rigidlycounected at opposite ends tothe side sill, inclined braces extending troni adjacent the bolster toand rigidly connected with the end sill adjacent its middle andlorniing'an arch, a draft-rigging disposed between the braces, andineans carried by the braces'and extending beneath and to support thedraft-rigging.

30. In a ear structure, side sills, an end sill, a bolster disposedtransversely of the structure and rigidly connected at opposite ends tothe side sills,.incline'd braces extending from adjacent the bolsterv toand rigidly connected with the en'd sill adjacent its middle, andforming an arch, a draft-rigging disposed between the braces, meanscarried by the braces extendingr beneath and to' support thedraft-rigging, and inclined braces 'extending from adjacent the ends ofthe bolster to 'and rigidly connected with the draftrigging and forminganarch, v

3l. In a car structure, side sills, an end sill, a bolster disposed'transversely ot `the structure and rigidly conneotedfatigpposite endstothe side sills, extend ing troni adjacent the bolster to and rigidlyconnected with 'the end sill adjacent its middle, and' forming an arch,a (irait-rigging disposed between the: braces, `means'carried bythebraces and extending beneath and to support the drat-rigging,'inclinedbraces extending adjacent the end el the bolster to and rigidlyconnected with the draft-rigging and forming an arch, and gussetsjoining the two sets of inclined braces intermediate their' ends.

32. In a car structure, queen-posts forining an arch beneath the centerof the car.

33. In a car structure; a side sill, queenposts disposed beneath thecenter of the side sill and'provided with members forming an arch.

34. In a car structure, a side sill, queenposts disposed beneath thesill and forming an arch, and a truss-rod having its opposite endsconnected with the sill and disposed. beneath the queen-posts.

35. In a car structure, a side sill, spaced b queen-posts disposedbeneath the middle ol' V thesill and provided with inclined portionsextending toward each other and forming an arch, and means lorsupporting and'exerting tension upon the queen-posts.-

36. In a car structure, a side sill, spaced queen-posts disposed beneaththe middle of 95 the sill and having portions extending along andsecured to the`\sill, and with inclined portions extending toward eachother and 'forming an arch, and ineans disposed beneath and to supportthe queen-pests.

37. In a car structure, a side'silh'a side plate, an arched door-frameerected. between the sill and plate and rigidly secured to each, atruss-bar arched over the top of the doorfraine and having its oppositeends rigidly connected witl'i the sills, and braces extending betweenthe plate and the truss-bar intermediate the door-traine and its ends.

In a car structure, side sill, a side plate, an arched. door-trameerected between "1li o the sill and plate a truss-bar arched overA thetop of the door-'frame andwith'its opposite ends'rigidly secured to thesill and a brace extending from the plate to the truss-bar in-ytermediate the door-frame and one end, and,l disposed substantially atright angles to the truss-bar. j i i 39. In a earstructure, a 'sidesill, asideM plate, an arched door-frame, erectedabetween. the sill; andplate, a trussbar archedbve'r door-frame and rigidly secured at`itsj'o'pposite ends to the sill, a braceextending from the plate to thetruss-bar,inte'rinodiatev 'the' door-frame and one end, and'd'isp edsubstantiallyatright angles to the, and a brace extending` from; fthesill *to the truss-bar, g a "'"pgiefl illistantially lat, right anglesto th miss ba Y' lov 'Ian eieniareheadoo

